Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a relatively newly recognized condition, is characterized by the accumulation of white blood cells, specifically eosinophils, in the esophagus leading to inflammation. This organ, essentially a tube running from the mouth to the stomach, can be detrimentally affected by the onset of this rare disease which afflicts an estimated 1 out of every 1,500 to 2,000 individuals.
What makes the EoE condition particularly problematic is its ability to interfere with the human digestive system, leading to difficulties with eating and growth. However, the silver lining is the success of medical treatments that enable the majority of those diagnosed with EoE to lead thriving lives.
Our understanding of the disease has certainly improved with time. Researchers have discovered that EoE is an allergic, inflammatory disease, closely linked to certain food reactions. Its resemblance to common food allergies is noteworthy, although EoE stands out due to its chronological pattern of causing damage to the esophagus over time rather than inducing immediate reactions upon food intake.
Despite advancements in understanding EoE, we have yet to fully comprehend why some individuals develop the condition. So far, clues point to a possible genetic predisposition, particularly seen in biological relatives existing in different environments, and even certain genes such as calpain14 (CAPN14). Furthermore, the disease appears to be more common in males than females – at a ratio of 3:1 – and is often prevalent among individuals with a personal or familial history of allergies, eczema, and asthma.
The rise in EoE diagnosis, particularly among children, is significant. For children, symptoms include feeding issues particularly among infants, poor growth due to painful eating experiences, regular regurgitation of food, reflux, discomfort including chest or abdominal pain, and a consequent aversion to eating due to discomfort. However, despite such complexities, the majority of children with EoE thrive with the right treatment, although the disease is primarily lifelong and chronic.
In adults, the condition was frequently misdiagnosed as acid reflux in the past. We now understand that chronic heartburn and eating difficulties could be potential signs of EoE in adults. With a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, patients can experience significant alleviation of symptoms and an improved quality of life.
, a rare disease affecting digestion, and our deepening understanding of its causes and effective treatments.){kind=link}